Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

Introduction: Cereals are the primary source of energy for human consumption as well as animal feed. Throughout their lifecycle, cereals are exposed to a wide range of both biotic and abiotic stresses that often lead to significant yield losses, impacting both the quality and quantity of their yield. Consequently, safeguarding their productivity, particularly by resistance against biotic threats such as fungi and oomycetes, is crucial. A variety of proteins play key roles in specialised molecular signalling pathways that enhance the stress resistance of cereals. To this end, maintaining cereal productivity by controlling plant diseases, particularly fungi and oomycetes, is of critical importance. LysM motif-containing proteins play significant roles in plant innate immunity, symbiotic interactions, plant-pathogen interactions, and cell wall biosynthesis. However, the evolutionary pathways and functional diversity of these protein families remain largely unknown in the major cereal crops.Materials and methods: In this study, a comprehensive genomic analysis was conducted on LysM motif-containing gene families across seven major cereal species, including Avena sativa, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Sorghum bicolor, Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays, and Secale cereale. Bioinformatics tools were employed to detect genes and proteins featuring the lysin (LysM) motif. Target genes were selected through screening processes using multiple software platforms and predetermined parameters.Results: A total of 106 LysM motif-containing genes were identified across seven selected cereal genomes. These genes exhibited considerable structural diversity and displayed a wide range of chromosomal distribution patterns. Phylogenetic analyses classified LysM motif-containing genes into three distinct subfamilies, indicating both evolutionary conservation and lineage-specific adaptations. Further analyses of LysM motif-containing genes revealed significant synteny and collinearity among the cereal species, suggesting evolutionary relationships and the functional conservation of LysM motif-containing genes. Gene structures and conserved motif analyses revealed the functional diversity of LysM motif-containing genes. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements indicated that LysM genes are involved in responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly in response to pathogen recognition and signalling pathways.Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that LysM motif-containing genes exhibit evolutionary dynamics and play important functional roles in cereals. Therefore, LysM motif-containing genes hold great potential in molecular breeding programs aimed at improving cereal crops to resist both biotic and abiotic stresses. The results of this study improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involving LysM motif-containing genes and highlight their potential applications in breeding strategies for improving stress resistance and productivity in cereals.

Extended Abstract Introduction and Objectives: Within the field of research methodology, numerous frameworks have been designed to guide researchers in planning and conducting scientific inquiries. Among these, Saunders’ Research Onion is one of the most widely cited, conceptualizing the research process through layered stages that address philosophical assumptions, methodological approaches, and research strategies. This model assists researchers in systematically advancing their studies by considering different dimensions of research, including philosophy, approach, and strategies. However, in recent years, this framework has faced the need for development and revision due to methodological advancements and emerging criticisms. In response to the rising complexity of contemporary research and the growth of interdisciplinary methods, this study employs a scoping review to analyze recent methodological literature and introduces a new framework titled the Spider Web Research Model. The proposed model leverages the “subjective-to-objective” continuum in research methodology, enabling researchers to select the most appropriate methods based on the nature of their study and, if necessary, integrate multiple models effectively. This model consists of three main layers: the objective layer, the subjective layer, and the subjective-objective layer. The objective layer emphasizes measurable, quantitative data and employs precise, systematic scientific methods for data analysis. The subjective layer focuses on the interpretive and subjective dimensions of research, encouraging researchers to consider individuals’ subjective experiences alongside objective data. And the subjective-objective layer combines both approaches, offering a balanced perspective for complex research questions. A key distinction between the proposed model and Saunders’ Research Onion is its enhanced flexibility. While Saunders’ model primarily focuses on traditional methods, which may not fully address the needs of modern and interdisciplinary research, the Spider Web Model’s layered and integrative structure allows for greater adaptability to contemporary methodologies. This model is particularly beneficial for studies requiring multidimensional analysis and the integration of diverse perspectives, thereby improving the quality and accuracy of research outcomes. The present study demonstrates that the Spider Web Model can serve as a comprehensive methodological framework, either as a replacement or a complement to traditional models. By aligning with the specific requirements of each research question or hypothesis, this model significantly aids in the proper selection and application of research methods. Furthermore, it provides a structured yet flexible approach that can accommodate the evolving demands of modern research. Finally, it is recommended that future research further develop this model by incorporating additional layers and advanced data analysis techniques, while also evaluating its effectiveness and applicability across various research domains. Method: In this research, the scoping or rapid review method was used to explore key concepts of research methods and models, with the aim of finding primary sources and types of evidence, in accordance with the five-stage process presented by Arksey and O’Malley. Internal scientific and citation databases along with scientific search engines such as Google Scholar and Science Direct were examined over the past two decades (2004-2024). Using keywords related to research questions, review studies, and highly cited works, as well as employing Boolean or combinatorial operators and utilizing “backward searching” to review reference lists of relevant articles, each stage was guided by the PRISMA-ScR diagram (the enhanced PRISMA program for scoping reviews). In the process of reviewing and thoroughly examining the large number of retrieved articles, only those that addressed the research questions were selected for further analysis, and the unrelated articles were excluded. Finally, for recording and classifying the results, the selected studies were categorized into three groups: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Following the modified PRISMA systematic review process, a total of 25 studies were ultimately registered and classified for conducting the research. Results: Given the weaknesses of Saunders’ Research Onion, this study aims to address these shortcomings by presenting a Spider Web model, redesigning and expanding upon the original concept. The proposed Spider Web model establishes three layers as the foundation of its framework, arranged from the innermost to outermost layer (from core to external shells): Layer 1: Objective Layer-This layer emphasizes objective, measurable, and quantitative data. In this layer, researchers use precise and systematic scientific methods to collect and analyze data to achieve accuracy and objectivity in research results, allowing findings to be generalized to larger populations. This layer helps researchers present reliable and objective results that are useful for scientific and practical decision-making. Layer 2: Objective-Subjective Layer (Mixed)-This layer combines both objective and subjective approaches, allowing researchers to benefit from the advantages of both methodologies. Using this layer improves research methods by creating balance between depth and precision, enabling researchers to employ mixed methods and achieve a more comprehensive understanding of phenomena, especially for complex issues requiring multidimensional analysis and integration of different perspectives. Layer 3: Subjective Layer-This layer relates to the subjective and interpretive dimensions of research. In this layer, the researcher seeks deeper understanding of phenomena through experiences, beliefs, and perspectives of individuals. Using this layer helps researchers value subjective experiences of individuals rather than focusing solely on objective data. This layer is particularly important in social sciences and humanities research. Discussion and Conclusions: Saunders’ Research Onion model, as a comprehensive methodological framework, has been widely embraced in research literature. This model helps researchers make coherent decisions regarding philosophy, approach, strategy, methods, and research techniques. However, this model also faces limitations that require development and completion. The present research, considering the complexities and diversity in scientific research, has presented a proposed Spider Web model and an evolutionary pattern by applying the Research Onion model, offering a diverse and combined model that can lead to improved quality and precision of results. This model, with greater flexibility and utilization of three layers-subjective, objective, and subjective-objective-can be used for a wide range of research studies. This proposed model helps researchers select the most appropriate methods according to the nature of their study and, if necessary, leverage combinations of different models. Despite efforts to comprehensively cover the suggestions presented in previous studies, the present research faces certain limitations. These include its complexity for novice researchers due to its layered and integrative structure, the need for thorough training and familiarity with concepts of mixed-method and interdisciplinary methodologies to effectively utilize this model, and the time-consuming nature of its implementation, which requires deep and multi-layered analyses.

Designing space propulsion systems as one of the important subsystems of the spacecrafts and upper stage space launch systems needs to bypass different and complicated steps. In this article the comprehensive process of designing liquid fuel low-thrust space propulsion systems was illustrated. In the presented pattern, first of all according to the requirements and mission constraints, the main characteristics of the system were determined and then other characteristics were extracted. Finally, for the evaluation of the presented pattern, a low- thrust space propulsion system was designed based on a special mission and the results were compared with a real model. Comparison between the designed space propulsion system and the real one showed an appropriate accuracy of the presented pattern.

Objectives: The purpose of the present research is an analysis and assessment of effective leadership with Islamic approach and Iranian features. (Based on Iranian- Islamic development pattern and history).Method: The method of the research is based on qualitative analyses on the theme by using the holy text of Quran, biography of the prophet and Amir Kabir management.Results: The results of the present research indicate that the principals derived from the holly Quran are considered as intellectual and theoretical foundations of organizational leadership and are categorized into two groups:1- beliefs and doctrinal vision (strategic principles) 2- moral and ethical insight(operational principles) on the basis of strategic management literature. The managing style of holy prophet’s of Islam (P.B.U.H.) has been mostly in the field of personal development and transmutation and social transmutation which are derived from his ethical beliefs. Amir Kabir management style is also on the basis of practical, ethical and personal authority.Conclusion: The article concluded both patterns (Islam and Iran) in the field of leadership are based on strong moral principles and their behavioral and personality features in practical aspects are due to the mentioned principles and will bring popularity and more influence among followers.

Transferring the water vapor in the atmosphere directly depend on the conditions of atmospheric circulation, amount and path of humidity changes related to the atmospheric circulation variation. one of the main factors of atmospheric circulation affecting on transferring the moisture is high pressure centers that if placed on the water surface and humidity resources causes the moisture advection in a widely area. However, the role of low pressure systems and cyclones in advection and moisture flux, although not as much as high-pressure systems, but also played a significant role in transmitting and condition of moisture advection. the aim of this study is survey the moisture advection of Iran's precipitations. in this regard, pressure data, specific humidity, u wind and v wind parameters in 500, 700, 850 and 1000 hpa from NCEP/NCAR database were extracted and analyzed. the results showed that the moisture advection of iran's precipitations is related to the moisture advection pattern of low pressure of dual-core of Sudan and east Mediterranean - Europe high pressure, moisture advection pattern of multicore low pressure of central Iran, east Mediterranean and south east of Saudi Arabian, moisture advection pattern of high-pressure of north west of Europe- low pressure of Persian gulf, moisture advection pattern of high pressure of Siberia and Kazakhstan- low pressure of south east of Iran and low pressure of Mediterranean. Overly, the results showed that Arabian Sea in low level and Mediterranean Sea in high level had an important role in moisture advection of Iran's precipitations.

Purpose: Organizations will have to equip themselves with a variety of competitive tools to deal with global change. One of the most important tools is learning and institutionalizing learning in the organization. Accordingly, in this research, the most important factors affecting learning in the organization are presented. Method: The present study is a descriptive and survey research. The literature and experts' opinions were used to identify dimensions, components and indices. The statistical population of the study included ten experts at the stage of providing the model, and in the pathological stage, all employees with higher education than a bachelor's degree in a military scientific organization. The statistical sample in the first stage was selected through purposeful method and in the second stage, simple random sampling was used. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Finding: The findings of the data analysis using T-test and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that attitudes, management practices, organizational climate, employee characteristics and knowledge management were considered as facilitators of learning at the National Iranian Oil Distribution Company. Also, attitudinal factor is most important for facilitating learning in the organization. Conclusion: Providing effective factors on learning improves organizational learning and provides a positive attitude towards the organization's learning and learning process.

Given a limited understanding of post-COVID customer behavior on social media, this paper seeks to identify consumer behavioral patterns on Facebook and Instagram in the post-COVID era. The research explores all the inner and outer features that might affect the way consumers think or act in the post-COVID era. Hence, a qualitative approach has been adopted to have a more comprehensive and current understanding. The research begins by identifying pertinent factors shaping consumer behavior through an extensive review of existing literature. To refine and validate these factors, the study employs the fuzzy Delphi method, a research technique that involves seeking consensus among a panel of experts. The findings of the research illuminate 24 distinct factors, organized into five main dimensions: contextual, social, content, technological, and product. Notably, the study underscores the significance of product-related factors, technological advancements, content quality, and social interactions in shaping post-COVID consumer behaviors. The product-related factors hold the most substantial influence over consumer behaviors, followed by technological considerations, content quality, and social interactions. Managers should prioritize quality assurance and strategic product categorization. Emphasizing these aspects in product positioning can significantly influence consumer behavior on social media platforms.

Comprehensive risk management is an integrated and continuous process for managing risks in all corporate dimensions, including strategic, financial, operational, compliance and credit risks, in order to minimize unexpected performance changes and maximize the inherent value of the company. This process enables the board and management to make more informed and informed decisions about their performance risk by mapping out the fundamental needs related to corporate governance and policies, risk data and analytics, risk management and performance monitoring and reporting. to bring The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive risk management model in the Iranian capital market using a qualitative approach (foundation data theory). The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview with experts. For this purpose, in 2023, by using the targeted sampling approach (snowball), in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 experts who had opinions and experience in the field of risk management. The research data was analyzed using coding method and using Maxqda software. Based on the presented model, in general, the results showed that in the field of causal conditions, experts and experts believed that the most important factors affecting comprehensive risk management are categories that include capital market cycle phases, including risk management planning, identifying risks, performing analysis Qualitative risk is the implementation of quantitative risk analysis, risk response planning, risk control. Seven main categories, i.e. senior management authority, risk management unit, control, governance, risk culture model, strategies and appetite, policies and procedures, and skills promotion, formed the background conditions. Intervening conditions have five main categories of environmental conditions, bargaining power, risk model assessment, gap analysis and potential corrective measures. The categories related to strategies include value development, life cycle development, risk operational goal development, and integrated risk development. In this research, the results in six main categories include improving the position of the company, improving the stability of the company, learning potential, sustainable growth and development, feedback from the refiners, and improving decision making.